兜兜    2019-03-30 00:53:42    2019-07-23 09:52:13   

python asyncio 协程 coroutine
### 介绍 终端使用的是asyncio,单线程支持并发操作。 聊天终端,暂时仅提供登陆/注销/发送在线消息/发送离线消息/帮助功能(未完待续) 登陆命令:auth userid password (userid为用户账号,用户数据存储在mysql中) 注销命令:logout 发送消息:msg userid message (支持在线和离线消息,离线消息,当对方不在线时,存储到 redis中,等用户上线之后再推送给该用户) 帮助命令:help/? ### 环境 系统:`CentOS7` 编程语言:`Python` 语言解释器:`Cpython-3.7.2` 数据库:`mysql-5.7` `redis-5.0.3` 缓存:`redis-5.0.3` ### 表结构 #### user表 ```sql CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `username` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=91 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; ``` ### 服务器端代码 chat_server.py ```py #coding:utf-8 ###################### # 作者: SheYinsong # # 时间: 2019-03-30 # ###################### import asyncio import aiomysql import aioredis import sys import struct import ssl import time import logging SERVER_ADDRESS = ('0.0.0.0',10000) logging.basicConfig( level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(name)s: %(message)s', stream=sys.stderr, ) log=logging.getLogger('main') #LOOP loop=asyncio.get_event_loop() #TLS配置 CERTFILE='ssl/server.crt' KEYFILE='ssl/server.key' #在线用户userid到读写Stream映射 auth_userid_map_wstream={} auth_wstream_map_userid={} #mysql 配置 db_config={ 'host':'localhost', 'port':3306, 'user':'root', 'password':'xxxxxxxx', 'db':'chat', 'charset':'utf8' } #SQL 模板 QUERY_AUTH_SQL='select password from user where id=%s' QUERY_USERID_IS_EXISTS_SQL='select id from user where id=%s' QUERY_USERNAME_OF_USERID_SQL='select username from user where id=%s' #redis配置 #redis_host='localhost' #redis_port=6379 redis_unix_socket='/var/run/redis/redis.sock' #redis KEY模板 KV_EXISTS_USERID=u'kv_exists_userid:userid:%s' KV_USERID_GET_USERNAME=u'kv_userid_get_username:userid:%s' LIST_USERMESSAGES_OF_USERID=u'list_usermessages_of_userid:userid:%s' #支持的命令列表 cmd_list=['auth','msg','logout'] #命令帮助 cmd_help=""" =============================================== | | | 命令使用说明: | | | =============================================== |命令 参数 参数 (说明) | =============================================== |auth UID PASSWORD (登录系统) | |msg UID MESSAGE (给用户发送消息) | =============================================== |命令 (说明) | =============================================== |logout (退出) | =============================================== """ async def get_custom_time_string(t_format="%Y-%m-%d %X"): """获取指定格式的时间字符串 默认格式为"%Y-%m-%d %X" """ return time.strftime(t_format) async def get_db_pool(): """获取mysql连接池""" pool = await aiomysql.create_pool(**db_config) return pool async def get_redis_pool(): """获取redis连接池""" pool = await aioredis.create_pool( redis_unix_socket, minsize=5, maxsize=10) return pool async def db_query(sql): """mysql执行查询操作""" pool = await get_db_pool() results=() async with pool.acquire() as conn: async with conn.cursor() as cur: log.debug(f'查询数据库,SQL->[ {sql} ]') await cur.execute(sql) results = await cur.fetchall() pool.close() await pool.wait_closed() return results async def redis_query(cmd,*args): """redis执行查询操作""" pool=await get_redis_pool() with await pool as conn: results =await conn.execute(cmd,*args) pool.close() await pool.wait_closed() return results async def redis_dml(cmd,*args): """redis执行增删改操作""" pool=await get_redis_pool() with await pool as conn: await conn.execute(cmd,*args) pool.close() await pool.wait_closed() async def get_username_of_userid(userid): """获取userid对应的用户名""" if await redis_query('exists',KV_USERID_GET_USERNAME % userid): username=await redis_query('get',KV_USERID_GET_USERNAME % userid) return username.decode('utf-8') else: res=await db_query(QUERY_USERNAME_OF_USERID_SQL % userid) if res: username=res[0][0] await redis_dml('set',KV_USERID_GET_USERNAME % userid,username) return username return '' async def get_userid_of_wstream(wstream): """通过writestream获取userid""" try: userid=auth_wstream_map_userid[wstream] return userid except KeyError: return -1 async def get_wstream_of_userid(userid): """通过userid获取writestream""" try: write_stream=auth_userid_map_wstream[userid] return write_stream except KeyError: return '' async def write_data(writer,data): """发送数据""" b_data=bytes(data,encoding='utf-8') b_datasize=struct.pack('H',len(b_data)) try: writer.write(b_datasize+b_data) await writer.drain() return True except: await clean_wstream(writer) return False async def read_data(reader): """读取数据""" try: length=struct.unpack('H',await reader.read(2))[0] b_data=await reader.read(int(length)) return b_data.decode('utf-8') except Exception as e: log.debug(f'读取客户端数据异常:[{e}]') return '' async def clean_wstream(writer): """清理客户端登陆信息和关闭stream""" userid=await get_userid_of_wstream(writer) if userid != -1: try: del auth_userid_map_wstream[userid] except: pass try: del auth_wstream_map_userid[writer] except: pass writer.close() async def user_auth(*args): """用户认证""" userid=int(args[0]) pwd=args[1] sql=QUERY_AUTH_SQL % (userid) res=await db_query(sql) if res: if res[0][0] == pwd: return True return False async def userid_is_exists(userid): """"判断userid是否存在""" if await redis_query('exists',KV_EXISTS_USERID % userid): return True else: res=await db_query(QUERY_USERID_IS_EXISTS_SQL % userid) if res: await redis_dml('set',KV_EXISTS_USERID % userid,'') return True return False async def userid_is_online(userid): """判断用户是否在线""" try: writer=auth_userid_map_wstream[userid] return True except KeyError: return False async def offline_userid(operator_type,*args): """下线用户""" userid=int(args[0]) try: writer=auth_userid_map_wstream[userid] if operator_type == 0: msg='有用户登录您的账号,您已被挤下线!' elif operator_type == 1: msg='您已退出登录!' else: msg='您已退出系统!' await write_data(writer,msg) except Exception as e: log.debug(e) finally: try: del auth_userid_map_wstream[userid] except: log.debug('auth_userid_map_wstream 删除失败') try: del auth_wstream_map_userid[writer] except: log.debug('auth_wstream_map_userid 删除失败') async def send_user_msg(writer,*args): """发送用户消息""" to_userid=int(args[0]) from_userid=auth_wstream_map_userid[writer] content=' '.join(args[1:]) if not await userid_is_exists(to_userid): msg='系统不存在该userid!' await write_data(writer,msg) return from_username=await get_username_of_userid(from_userid) to_username=await get_username_of_userid(to_userid) custom_time=await get_custom_time_string() send_content=f'{custom_time}\n[ {from_username}|UID:{from_userid} ]:{content}' if to_userid == from_userid: send_content=f'{custom_time}\n[ {from_username}|UID:{from_userid} ]:{content}' await write_data(writer,send_content) return if await userid_is_online(to_userid): to_writer=auth_userid_map_wstream[to_userid] if await write_data(to_writer,send_content): await write_data(writer,send_content) return #用户不在线,发送离线消息 print("用户不在线,发送离线消息") await redis_dml('rpush',LIST_USERMESSAGES_OF_USERID % to_userid,send_content) await write_data(writer,f'[离线消息]\n{send_content}') async def user_is_auth(writer): """判断用户是否认证""" if writer in auth_wstream_map_userid.keys(): return True return False async def get_offline_msg_of_userid(userid): "获取userid对应的离线消息" return await redis_query('lrange',LIST_USERMESSAGES_OF_USERID % userid,0,-1) async def push_offline_msg(writer,*args): """推送离线消息""" userid=int(args[0]) user_offline_messages_list=await get_offline_msg_of_userid(userid) for user_offline_message in user_offline_messages_list: await write_data(writer,user_offline_message.decode('utf-8')) await redis_query('del',LIST_USERMESSAGES_OF_USERID % userid) async def update_auth(writer,*args): """更新auth_userid_map_wstream和auth_wstream_map_userid""" userid=int(args[0]) auth_userid_map_wstream[userid]=writer auth_wstream_map_userid[writer]=userid async def check_args_validity(writer,cmd,*args): if cmd == 'auth': if len(args) != 2: msg='提示:认证格式: [ auth userid pwd ]' await write_data(writer,msg) return False try: userid=int(args[0]) except: msg='userid为整数!' await write_data(writer,msg) return False elif cmd == 'msg': if len(args) < 2: msg='提示:消息格式: [ msg userid content ]' await write_data(writer,msg) return False try: to_userid=int(args[0]) except: msg='userid为整数!' await write_data(writer,msg) return False return True async def handler_client(reader,writer): """处理客户端连接""" address=writer.get_extra_info('peername') log=logging.getLogger('echo_{}_{}'.format(*address)) log.debug('收到新连接') args_ok=True cmd_ok=True while True: if not await user_is_auth(writer) and cmd_ok and args_ok: msg=u'请登陆!' await write_data(writer,msg) data=await read_data(reader) if not data: break cmd=data.split(' ')[0] args=data.split(' ')[1:] if cmd == '?' or cmd == 'help': await write_data(writer,f'{cmd_help}') cmd_ok=False continue elif cmd not in cmd_list: await write_data(writer,'输入的命令不支持,请使用 help 或 ? 查看帮助!') cmd_ok=False continue cmd_ok=True if not await user_is_auth(writer): if cmd != 'auth': continue if not await check_args_validity(writer,cmd,*args): args_ok=False continue args_ok=True if await user_auth(*args): await offline_userid(0,*args) await update_auth(writer,*args) msg='认证成功!' await write_data(writer,msg) await push_offline_msg(writer,*args) else: msg='认证失败!' await write_data(writer,msg) else: if not await check_args_validity(writer,cmd,*args): args_ok=False continue args_ok=True if cmd == 'msg': await send_user_msg(writer,*args) elif cmd == 'logout': userid=await get_userid_of_wstream(writer) await offline_userid(1,userid) elif cmd == 'auth': await write_data(writer,'您已登录!') context=ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH) context.load_cert_chain(certfile=CERTFILE,keyfile=KEYFILE) factory=asyncio.start_server(handler_client,*SERVER_ADDRESS,ssl=context) server=loop.run_until_complete(factory) log.debug('starting up on {} port {}'.format(*SERVER_ADDRESS)) try: loop.run_forever() except KeyboardInterrupt: pass finally: log.debug('关闭服务器.') server.close() loop.run_until_complete(server.wait_closed()) log.debug('关闭事件循环LOOP.') loop.close() ``` ### 客户端 chat_client.py ```py #coding:utf-8 ###################### # 作者: SheYinsong # # 时间: 2019-03-30 # ###################### import asyncio from aioconsole import ainput import concurrent.futures import sys import ssl import time import struct import logging #日志配置 logging.basicConfig( level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(name)s: %(message)s', stream=sys.stderr, ) log = logging.getLogger('main') #TLS配置 CERTFILE='ssl/server.crt' #chat服务器配置 SERVER_ADDRESS = ('chat.unotes.co',10000) #证书使用的chat.unotes.co域名,根据实际证书域名填写 loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() async def write_data(writer,data): """发送数据""" b_data=bytes(data,encoding='utf-8') b_datasize=struct.pack('H',len(b_data)) try: writer.write(b_datasize+b_data) await writer.drain() return True except: return False async def read_data(reader): """读取数据""" try: length=struct.unpack('H',await reader.read(2))[0] b_data=await reader.read(int(length)) return b_data.decode('utf-8') except Exception as e: log.debug(f'读取客户端数据异常:[{e}]') return '' async def read(reader,once=False): """循环读取数据""" while True: data=await read_data(reader) if data: if once: print(f'{data}\n',end='') break print(f'\x08\x08\x08{data}\n>>>',end='') async def chat_client(address): """聊天客户端""" log = logging.getLogger('chat_client') log.debug('connecting to {} port {}'.format(*address)) context=ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH) context.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE) reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(*address,ssl=context) await read(reader,True) read_task=asyncio.create_task(read(reader)) while True: data=await ainput('>>>') if not data: data='?' await write_data(writer,data) try: loop.run_until_complete( chat_client(SERVER_ADDRESS) ) except: pass finally: log.debug('closing event loop') loop.close() ``` ### 运行服务器 ```bash $ python chat_server_asyncio_tls.py ``` ``` asyncio: Using selector: EpollSelector main: starting up on 0.0.0.0 port 10000 ``` ### 运行客户端1 #### 用户张三 ```bash python chat_client_asyncio_tls.py ``` ``` 请登陆! >>>auth 10001 123456 认证成功! >>>msg 10002 你好,我是张三 [离线消息] 2019-03-29 17:00:24 [ 张三|UID:10001 ]:你好,我是张三 >>> ``` ### 运行客户端2 #### 用户李四 ```bash python chat_client_asyncio_tls.py ``` ``` 请登陆! >>>auth 10002 123456 认证成功! 2019-03-29 17:00:24 [ 张三|UID:10001 ]:你好,我是张三 >>>msg 10001 你好,张三,我收到您的消息 2019-03-29 17:02:52 [ 李四|UID:10002 ]:你好,张三,我收到您的消息 >>> ``` #### 查看客户端1 ### 用户张三 ```bash $ python chat_client_asyncio_tls.py ``` ``` 请登陆! >>>auth 10001 123456 认证成功! >>>msg 10002 你好,我是张三 [离线消息] 2019-03-29 17:00:24 [ 张三|UID:10001 ]:你好,我是张三 2019-03-29 17:02:52 [ 李四|UID:10002 ]:你好,张三,我收到您的消息 ```
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兜兜    2019-03-18 17:59:43    2019-11-14 14:34:03   

zookeeper
### 环境 三台Centos7 ```bash 主机名 IP n188 144.202.93.188 n19 144.202.80.19 n111 149.248.37.111 ```    ### 准备工作 #### 安装JDK1.8 https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html #### 配置JDK环境变量 ```bash $ tail -3 /etc/profile export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8 export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin ``` #### 查看JDK ```bash $ java -version java version "1.8.0_201" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode) ``` #### 配置hosts ```bash $ tail -3 /etc/hosts 144.202.93.188 n188 144.202.80.19 n19 149.248.37.111 n111 ```    ### 安装zookeeper #### 下载zookeeper(三台配置一样) http://zookeeper.apache.org/releases.html#download #### 配置zookeeper(三台配置一样) ```bash $ grep -v "^#" zoo.cfg tickTime=2000 initLimit=10 syncLimit=5 dataDir=/opt/zookeeper/data clientPort=2181 autopurge.purgeInterval=1 server.1=n188:2888:3888 server.2=n19:2888:3888 server.3=n111:2888:3888 ``` #### 创建数据目录(三台机器一样) ```bash $ mkdir -p /opt/zookeeper/{logs,data} ``` #### 配置myid n188机器 ```bash $ echo 1 >/opt/zookeeper/data/myid ``` n19机器 ```bash $ echo 2 >/opt/zookeeper/data/myid ``` n111机器 ```bash $ echo 3 >/opt/zookeeper/data/myid ``` 启动zookeeper #### 查看三台集群状态 n188机器 ```bash $./zkServer.sh status ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Mode: follower ``` n19机器 ```bash $./zkServer.sh status ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Mode: leader ``` n111机器 ```bash $./zkServer.sh status ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /opt/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Mode: follower ```
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兜兜    2019-03-12 14:51:06    2019-07-23 09:53:02   

对称加密 非对称加密 摘要算法
### 加密算法 说明:这里为了方便介绍,引入发送方A和接收方B       #### 非对称加密算法(被加密数据的安全性) `场景`:加密(RSA/DH/Elgamal/ECC)少量数据、数字签名(RSA/DSA/Elgamal) `算法`:DH RSA DSA ECC(椭圆曲线算法) Elgamal Merkle-Hellman(背包算法) Miller-Rabin(素数测试算法) 加密/解密场景 ```bash 发送方A 加密:DH/RSA/DSA公钥(接收方B)+对称加密的KEY-->密文KEY 接收方B 解密:DH/RSA/DSA私钥(接收方B)+密文KEY-->对称加密的KEY ``` 数字签名/验签场景 ```bash 发送方A 签名: 1.(SHA1/MD5+明文)->摘要1 2.摘要1+(RSA/Elgamal)私钥(发送方A)-->数字签名 接收方B 验签: 1. RSA公钥(发送方A)+数字签名-->摘要1(解密出来的) 2. SHA1/MD5+明文->摘要2(接收方B自己计算的) 3. 摘要1==摘要2 ?"成功":"失败" (对比摘要1和摘要2的值是否一致) ```    #### 对称加密算法 `场景`:适合加密大数据 `算法`:AES DES 3DES PBE RC5 Blowfish 加密/解密场景 ```bash 加密过程:明文+AES/DES+对称加密的KEY->密文 解密过程:密文+AES/DES+对称加密的KEY->明文 ``` AES加密算法的Counter模式 - ECB(电子密码本模式) - CTR(计数器模式) - GCM(CTR和GMAC结合)    #### AEAD加密方式(Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) `介绍`:一种同时具备保密性,完整性和可认证性的加密形式 AEAD - EtM方式:加密 then MAC - MtE方式:MAC then 加密 - E&M方式:加密 and MAC 真正的AEAD - GCM=(AES-CTR模式+GMAC结合) - ChaCha20-IETF-Poly1305 - XChaCha20-IETF-Poly1305    #### 摘要算法 `算法` MD5 SHA1 MAC GMAC ```bash 摘要操作:MD5/SHA1+文本->固定长度的HASH值 ```
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兜兜    2019-02-27 22:59:30    2019-11-14 14:33:50   

openssl 数字签名 加密
`简单介绍:` `公钥加密,私钥解密(数据的安全性):发送方使用接收方的公钥加密的密文,仅有接收方的私钥才可解密,保证了数据的安全。(公私钥加解密的对象是对称加密算法的密码文件或钥匙,对称加密算法加密数据文件)` `私钥签名,公钥验签(数据的不可抵赖性/数据的完整性):接收方使用发送方的公钥验证数字签名(发送方通过自己的私钥对数据摘要信息做签名),验证成功,则数据是不可抵赖。接收方对数据内容做摘要信息同发送方的数字签名的摘要信息做对比,摘要信息一致,则数据是完整无篡改的。` ### openssl使用对称加密算法加密大文件 1、使用aes-128-cbc算法加密文件: ```bash $ openssl enc -e -aes-128-cbc -in abc.txt -out enc_abc.txt ``` 2、使用aes-128-cbc算法解密文件: ```bash $ openssl enc -d -aes-128-cbc -in enc_abc.txt -out abc.txt ``` 3、使用aes-128-cbc算法免交互输入密码加密文件: ```bash $ openssl enc -e -aes-128-cbc -in abc.txt -out enc_abc.txt -pass pass:123456 ``` 4、使用aes-128-cbc算法使用密码文件解密文件: ```bash $ echo 123456 > passwd $ openssl enc -d -aes-128-cbc -in enc_abc.txt -out abc.txt -pass file:123456 ``` ``` 对称加密的使用中,-pass本质是采用key和iv向量进行加密的,-pass会转换成key和iv ``` 5、使用aes-128-cbc算法指定IV和KEY进行加密 ```bash $ openssl enc -e -aes-128-cbc -K 12345 -iv f888 -in abc.txt -out enc_abc.txt -p ``` 6、使用aes-128-cbc算法指定IV和KEY进行解密 ```bash $ openssl enc -d -aes-128-cbc -K 12345 -iv f888 -in enc_abc.txt -out abc.txt ``` 7、不加盐值进行加密(默认会加入随机盐值,如果不加入盐值同时密码一样,则每次加密的密文都是一样的) ```bash $ openssl enc -e -aes-128-cbc -nosalt -in abc.txt -out enc_abc.txt -p ``` ``` key=E10ADC3949BA59ABBE56E057F20F883E iv =65B4AD270B3B98098D256AB32F5B8FBA ``` 8、不加盐值进行解密 ```bash $ openssl enc -d -aes-128-cbc -nosalt -in enc_abc.txt -out abc7.txt -p ``` ``` key=81DC9BDB52D04DC20036DBD8313ED055 iv =CC5776D16A1FB6E4AFA34B18395DA656 ```    ### openssl使用非对称加密算法加密小文件 生成私钥 ```bash $ openssl genrsa -out rsa.key 2048 ``` 通过私钥导出公钥 ```bash $ openssl rsa -in rsa.key -pubout -out pub.key ``` 公钥加密文件 ```bash $ openssl rsautl -encrypt -inkey pub.key -pubin -in abc.txt -out abc_rsa.txt ``` 私钥解密文件 ```bash $ openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey rsa.key -in abc_rsa.txt -out abc_rsa_de.txt ```    ### openssl使用对称加密算法和非对称加密算法加密大文件 `这里以发送方A和接收方B为例` #### 发送方A A.1 生成随机密码文件 ```bash $ openssl rand -hex 64 -out key.bin ``` A.2 使用加密算法aes-256-cbc和密码文件加密大文件 ```bash $ openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -salt -in largefile.pdf -out largefile.pdf.enc -pass file:./bin.key ``` A.3 使用接收方B的公钥加密密码文件 ```bash $ openssl rsautl -encrypt -inkey publickey.pem -pubin -in key.bin -out key.bin.enc ``` A.4 发送方A发送加密文件 largefile.pdf.enc(对称加密文件)和key.bin.enc(非对称加密文件/公钥加密文件)以及加密算法-aes-256-cbc给接收方B ``` A----largefile.pdf.enc---->B A-------key.bin.enc------->B A---aes-256-cbc加密算法---->B ``` #### 接收方B B.1 使用接收方B的私钥解密密码文件 ```bash $ openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey privatekey.pem -in key.bin.enc -out key.bin ``` B.2 使用解密算法aes-256-cbc以及密码文件解密文件 ```bash $ openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -in largefile.pdf.enc -out largefile.pdf -pass file:./bin.key ```    ### openssl使用非对称加密做数字签名(私钥签名,公钥验签) `注意:这里只是说明验签过程,没有对data.txt文件进行加密传送,加密请看上面` #### 发送方A 生成数字签名 ```bash $ openssl dgst -sha256 -sign private.key -out signature data.txt ``` A把文件和数字签名一起发送给B ``` A-----data.txt--->B A--signature----->B ```    #### 接收方B 验证数字签名 ```bash $ openssl dgst -sha256 -verify public.key -signature signature data.txt ``` ``` Verified OK 验签成功 Verification Failure 验签失败 ```
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兜兜    2019-01-21 15:19:07    2019-07-23 09:51:17   

python
#### 分析 微信认证名中一般都会附带地区名,通过数据库的省市县名和微信名做存在判断(```注意:此方法存在一定概率的误判```) #### 准备 需要省、市、县数据表的数据,需要的话请联系博主 #### 步骤 1.判断对应的省名是否在微信认证名中,如果在,则匹配出数据,并且判断如果是直辖市,获取对应的市级名字,id 2.如果省没匹配成功,则匹配市级数据的名字,如果成功,则获取对应的省名及对应省id 3.如果省市都没匹配成功,则匹配县区级数据的名字,如果成功,则获取对应的省市名及对应省市id ##### 数据表结构 ```sql CREATE TABLE `province` ( `id` bigint(19) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '省份名称', `short_name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '省份简称', `remark` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备注', `created_at` datetime NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=36 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE `city` ( `id` bigint(19) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '标识', `name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '城市名称', `short_name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '城市简称', `province_id` bigint(19) NOT NULL COMMENT '所属省份标识', `level` int(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '城市等级(0未知,1:一线,2:二线,3:三线,4:四线)', `remark` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备注', `created_at` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`,`province_id`) USING BTREE ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=7471 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE `district` ( `id` bigint(19) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '标识', `name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '区县名称', `short_name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '区县简称', `city_id` bigint(19) NOT NULL COMMENT '所属城市标识', `remark` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备注', `created_at` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`,`city_id`) USING BTREE ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10069 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; ``` ##### python脚本 ```python vim get_loc.py ``` ```python #coding:utf-8 import pymysql db_host="xx.xx.xx.xx" db_user="root" db_pass="xxxxx" db_port=3306 db_name="xxxx" #微信认证名 file=open("weixin_auth.txt",'r',encoding="utf-8") def execute_query_sql(sql): #循环读取数据库状态是0的关键字100个 db= pymysql.connect(host=db_host,port=db_port,user=db_user, passwd=db_pass, db=db_name) # 使用 cursor() 方法创建一个游标对象 cursor cursor = db.cursor() #执行sql cursor.execute(sql) results=cursor.fetchall() # 关闭数据库连接 db.close() return results n=1 for f in file.readlines(): #获取省 pro_sql='select id,name from province;' result=execute_query_sql(pro_sql) is_has_pro=False pro_id=-1 city_id=-1 district_id=-1 pro_name="" for result_entry in result: if result_entry[1][0:2] in f: is_has_pro=True pro_name=result_entry[1] pro_id=result_entry[0] #这里写死id if pro_name=="北京市": city_id=7151 if pro_name=="上海市": city_id=7122 if pro_name=="天津市": city_id=7182 if pro_name=="重庆市": city_id=7430 break #获取市 is_has_city=False city_name="" if not is_has_pro: city_sql='select id,name from city where province_id>0;' result=execute_query_sql(city_sql) for result_entry in result: if result_entry[1].replace("市","").replace("县","") in f: is_has_city=True city_name=result_entry[1] city_id=result_entry[0] #获取省id pro_id_sql='select province_id from city where id='+str(city_id)+';' result=execute_query_sql(pro_id_sql) pro_id=result[0][0] break #获取区县 is_has_district=False district_name="" if not is_has_city and not is_has_pro: district_sql='select id,name from district where city_id>0;' result=execute_query_sql(district_sql) for result_entry in result: if result_entry[1].replace("市","").replace("县","") in f: is_has_district=True district_name=result_entry[1] district_id=result_entry[0] #获取市id city_id_sql='select city_id from district where id='+str(district_id)+';' result=execute_query_sql(city_id_sql) city_id=result[0][0] #获取省id pro_id_sql='select province_id from city where id='+str(city_id)+';' result=execute_query_sql(pro_id_sql) pro_id=result[0][0] break #打印对应的id #获取名字 if pro_id>0: sql='select name from province where id='+str(pro_id)+';' result=execute_query_sql(sql) pro_name=result[0][0] if city_id>0: sql='select name from city where id='+str(city_id)+';' result=execute_query_sql(sql) city_name=result[0][0] if district_id >0: sql='select name from district where id='+str(district_id)+';' result=execute_query_sql(sql) district_name=result[0][0] n+=1 print("当前执行到第"+str(n)+"行") print(f.strip()+","+str(pro_id)+","+str(city_id)+","+str(district_id)+","+pro_name+","+city_name+","+district_name+"\n") #把数据保存在文件中 file2=open("weixin_auth_loc.txt",'a',encoding="utf-8") file2.write(f.strip()+","+str(pro_id)+","+str(city_id)+","+str(district_id)+","+pro_name+","+city_name+","+district_name+"\n") file2.close() ```
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兜兜    2019-01-16 12:00:16    2019-01-16 12:00:16   

python selenium 爬虫
### 本文讲解通过python selenium firefox mysql的方式爬取搜狗微信公众号数据 `说明:搜狗微信的反爬虫,scrapy框架爬取易被检测,使用selenium的方式(缺点:慢。优点:不易被检测到)。` 安装相关软件教程参考:https://ynotes.cn/blog/article_detail/158 #### 流程: 1.脚本循环查询关键字表(table keys)中关键字类型字段(column type)所对应的关键字字段(column keyword)前100条数据 2.通过获取关键字循环去搜狗微信去搜索 3.爬取搜狗搜索出来的微信公众号 4.判断页面是否有分页,有则循环爬取。爬取完一个页面,更新爬取页面数字段(column page_num),所有页面更新关键字表的状态字段(column status[0:表示未爬取,1:表示已爬取]) 5.对爬取出来的数据插入到微信公众号数据表(weixin_data)(建相关数据表) 6.更新关键字表的状态为已爬取状态 #### 数据表结构 ```sql CREATE TABLE `keys` ( `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `keyword` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `page_num` int(11) DEFAULT '0', `status` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '0 未搜索 1 已搜索 99 丢弃', `type` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `is_drop` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=119750 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE `weixin_data` ( `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `key_id` int(255) DEFAULT NULL, `weixin_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `weixin_account` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `weixin_auth_info` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `is_auth` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `describe` varchar(6000) DEFAULT NULL, `img_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `loc_info` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `privince` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `city` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `district` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `weixin_type` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `other` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `weixin_account` (`weixin_account`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=139746 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; ``` #### 爬虫脚本 scrapy_sogou.py ```python #coding=utf-8 from selenium import webdriver import time from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException,TimeoutException from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC import pymysql import random 指定页面 #参数指定了缓存文件的路径,方便爬取需要登录的网站 profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile(r'C:\Users\Administrator.GZLX-20180416SV\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\yn80ouvt.default') #如果不需要cookie,则不需要指定,使用下面的配置 #profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile() #禁止加载样式表 profile.set_preference("permissions.default.stylesheet",2) #禁止加载图片 profile.set_preference("permissions.default.image",2) #禁止加载JAVASCRIPT profile.set_preference("javascript.enabled",False) #设置代理 profile.set_preference('network.proxy.type', 1) profile.set_preference('network.proxy.http', 'xx.xx.xx.xx') profile.set_preference('network.proxy.http_port', xxxx) profile.set_preference('network.proxy.ssl', 'xx.xx.xx.xx') profile.set_preference('network.proxy.ssl_port', xxxx) profile.update_preferences() #数据库配置 db_host="xx.xx.xx.xx" db_user="root" db_pass="xxxx" db_port=3306 db_name="weixin_data" #指定Firefox的驱动 driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile,executable_path="geckodriver") #搜索的关键字 key_search_list=['学校'] index_url='https://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?query=' keys_search_string="" for index in range(0,len(key_search_list)): if index==len(key_search_list)-1: keys_search_string+="'"+key_search_list[index]+"'" else: keys_search_string+="'"+key_search_list[index]+"'," class AnyEc: """ Use with WebDriverWait to combine expected_conditions in an OR. """ def __init__(self, *args): self.ecs = args def __call__(self, driver): for fn in self.ecs: try: if fn(driver): return True except: pass def execute_query_sql(sql): #循环读取数据库状态是0的关键字100个 db= pymysql.connect(host=db_host,port=db_port,user=db_user, passwd=db_pass, db=db_name) # 使用 cursor() 方法创建一个游标对象 cursor cursor = db.cursor() #执行sql cursor.execute(sql) results=cursor.fetchall() # 关闭数据库连接 db.close() return results def execute_update_sql(sql): #循环读取数据库状态是0的关键字100个 db= pymysql.connect(host=db_host,port=db_port,user=db_user, passwd=db_pass, db=db_name) # 使用 cursor() 方法创建一个游标对象 cursor cursor = db.cursor() # 执行sql语句 cursor.execute(sql) # 提交到数据库执行 db.commit() #执行sql # 关闭数据库连接 db.close() #爬取网站内容的函数 def parseWeb(driver,key_name,page_N): print("开始提取关键字"+key_name+",第"+str(page_N)+"页的数据:") for page in driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//ul[@class="news-list2"]/li'): weixin_name=page.find_element_by_xpath('./div[@class="gzh-box2"]/div[@class="txt-box"]/p[@class="tit"]/a').text img_url=page.find_element_by_xpath('./div[@class="gzh-box2"]/div[@class="img-box"]/a/img').get_attribute("src") weixin_account=page.find_element_by_xpath('./div[@class="gzh-box2"]/div[@class="txt-box"]/p[@class="info"]/label').text weixin_auth_info="" try: page.find_element_by_xpath('./dl[2]/dt[contains(text(),微信认证)]') dl_info=page.find_element_by_xpath('./dl[2]/dt').text if '微信认证' in dl_info: weixin_auth_info=page.find_element_by_xpath('.//dl[2]/dd').text except NoSuchElementException: weixin_auth_info="" print("微信认证:"+weixin_auth_info) try: page.find_element_by_xpath('./div[@class="gzh-box2"]/div[@class="txt-box"]/p[@class="tit"]/i') is_auth=1 except NoSuchElementException: is_auth=0 try: describe=page.find_element_by_xpath('.//dl[1]/dd').text except NoSuchElementException: describe="" #把数据插入酷内 insert_sql='insert into weixin_data(key_id,weixin_name,weixin_account,weixin_auth_info,is_auth,img_url,`describe`,weixin_type,other) values('+str(key_id)+',"'+weixin_name+'","'+weixin_account+'","'+weixin_auth_info+'",'+str(is_auth)+',"'+img_url+'","'+describe+'","'+'培训机构'+'",'+'NULL'+'); ' #print(insert_sql) try: print("准备插入数据:"+weixin_name) execute_update_sql(insert_sql) except: print("插入数据异常,可能是重复数据") #更新当前页数 update_sql='update `keys` set page_num='+str(page_N)+' where keyword="'+key_name+'";' print(update_sql) try: execute_update_sql(update_sql) except: print("更新爬取页数错误") return False return True #判断页面是否加载完成 def pageIsLoadFinished(driver): try: WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until( AnyEc( EC.presence_of_element_located( (By.XPATH, u'//div[@class="gzh-box2"]/div[@class="img-box"]/a/img')), EC.presence_of_element_located( (By.XPATH, u'//p[@class="ip-time-p"]')), EC.presence_of_element_located( (By.XPATH, u'//div[@id="noresult_part1_container"]')) )) return True except TimeoutException: return False #页面是否正常 def pageIsNomal(driver): try: driver.find_element_by_xpath('//p[@class="ip-time-p"]') print("IP访问频繁,准备重启浏览器") time.sleep(3) return False except NoSuchElementException: return True #页面是否404 def pageIsNotFound(driver,key_name): try: driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@id="noresult_part1_container"]') print("关键字"+key_name+"没有找到,搜索下一个关键字") return True except NoSuchElementException: return False #跳到指定页 def jumpNumPage(driver,page_N): #判断是否是当前页 try: current_page=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@id="pagebar_container"]/span').text if int(page_N) == int(current_page): print("已经在当前页,无需跳转") return True except: print("没有当前页"+str(page_N)) return False try: driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@id="pagebar_container"]/a[@id="sogou_page_'+str(page_N)+'"]').click() except NoSuchElementException: print("没有第"+str(page_N)+"页面") return False return True #跳到下一页 def jumpNextPage(driver): try: driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@id="pagebar_container"]/a[@id="sogou_next"]').click() except NoSuchElementException: print("没有下一页") return False return True #页面是否准备好 def PageIsReady(driver,key_name,page_N): #判断页面已经加载完成,并且不存在ip频繁访问页面 if pageIsLoadFinished(driver) and pageIsNomal(driver): #判断页面不存在指定的标签页 if not jumpNumPage(driver,page_N): #判断页面是否404 if pageIsNotFound(driver,key_name): #更新数据库关键字字段 update_status_sql='update `keys` set status=1 where keyword="'+key_name+'";' try: execute_update_sql(update_status_sql) except: print("更新关键字"+key_name+"的状态失败!!!") return True else: return False return True #循环抓取 while True: get_keys="SELECT id,keyword FROM keys where status=0 and is_drop=0 and type in ("+keys_search_string+") limit 100;" print(get_keys) print("获取关键字中...") try: results=execute_query_sql(get_keys) except: print("数据库查询关键字失败,停止爬虫") break print("关键字查找完成") #生成url id_keys=[ re for re in results ] for id_key in id_keys: key_id=id_key[0] key_name=id_key[1] url=index_url+key_name print("开始爬取:"+url) try: driver.get(url) except TimeoutException: continue #获取爬取key的页数 get_page_sql='select page_num from `keys` where id='+str(key_id)+';' page_N=execute_query_sql(get_page_sql)[0][0]+1 if PageIsReady(driver,key_name,page_N): if not parseWeb(driver,key_name,page_N): continue else: time.sleep(1) driver.close() driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile,executable_path="geckodriver") continue #跳转到当前页爬取 #爬取完当前页更新key关键字 #判断是否有下一页继续爬取,如果只爬取一页,则注释下面的代码 ##########是否爬取搜索关键字的所有页面--start isOk=True while jumpNextPage(driver): get_page_sql='select page_num from `keys` where id='+str(key_id)+';' page_N=execute_query_sql(get_page_sql)[0][0]+1 if PageIsReady(driver,key_name,page_N): if not parseWeb(driver,key_name,page_N): isOk=False break else: isOk=False break if not isOk: time.sleep(1) driver.close() driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile,executable_path="geckodriver") continue ##########是否爬取搜索关键字的所有页面--end #更新关键字状态 update_status_sql='update `keys` set status=1 where keyword="'+key_name+'";' try: execute_update_sql(update_status_sql) except: print("更新数据库关键字"+key_name+"的状态发生错误") ```
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兜兜    2018-10-29 23:59:04    2018-10-29 23:59:04   

贪吃蛇 easyx c语言
安装easyx,文件保存为cpp后缀 ```C #include <graphics.h> #include <conio.h> #include <time.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> #include <windows.h> #define KEYDOWN(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0) void init(void);//初始化 void gamebegin(void);//游戏开始 void gameplay(void);//开始游戏 void gameend(void);//游戏借宿 void drawsnake(void);//绘制小蛇 void drawfood(void);//绘制食物 //定义坐标struct struct Point{ int x,y; }; struct Point aps[3871]; //定义界面所有点坐标数组 struct Point snake[3871];//定义蛇身的各个位置的坐标数组 struct Point food[100];//定义食物的各个位置的坐标数组 int apsindex=0; //定义界面所有点坐标数组索引 int snakeindex=0; //定义蛇身的各个位置的坐标数组索引 int foodindex=0; //定义食物的各个位置的坐标数组索引 struct Point snakehead={300,250};//定义蛇头的位置 int snakedirect; //1为上,2为下,3为左,4为右 int snakespeed=1; //设置蛇的速度 int snakelength=3; //初始化蛇的长度 int gamestop=0; //游戏是否结束 int stoptype; //游戏结束原因,值为1,则是撞墙,值为2则为碰到身子 int gamescore=0; //游戏分数 int gamelevel=1; //游戏等级 void main(void){ init(); gamebegin(); gameplay(); gameend(); } //初始化函数 void init(void){ initgraph(1100,600); } //绘制分数 void drawscore(int score){ char s[50]; sprintf(s,"分数:%4d",score); settextstyle(18, 0, _T("黑体")); settextcolor(RGB(255,255,0)); outtextxy(950, 60, s); } //绘制等级 void drawlevel(int level){ char s[50]; sprintf(s,"等级:%4d",level); settextstyle(18, 0, _T("黑体")); settextcolor(RGB(255,255,0)); outtextxy(950, 80, s); } //绘制蛇 void drawsnake(){ setlinecolor(RGB(255,255,255)); setlinestyle(PS_SOLID, 1); for(int i=0;i<snakeindex;i++){ if(i==0){ setfillcolor(RGB(255,0,0)); }else{ setfillcolor(RGB(128,128,0)); } fillrectangle(snake[i].x-5,snake[i].y-5,snake[i].x+5,snake[i].y+5); } } //擦除蛇尾 void earsesnaketail(){ //setlinestyle(PS_SOLID, 0); setlinecolor(RGB(0,128,0)); setfillcolor(RGB(0,128,0)); fillrectangle(snake[snakeindex-1].x-5,snake[snakeindex-1].y-5,snake[snakeindex-1].x+5,snake[snakeindex-1].y+5); } //绘制食物 void drawfood(Point p1){ setlinestyle(PS_SOLID, 1); setfillcolor(RGB(255,255,0)); fillrectangle(p1.x-5,p1.y-5,p1.x+5,p1.y+5); } //生成食物 void genfood(int index=-1){ //生产随机数0~3871 int r=rand()%3872; //判断随机点aps[r]是否和蛇身所在位置是否重合 for(int j=0;j<snakeindex;j++){ if(aps[r].x==snake[j].x&&aps[r].y==snake[j].y){ //如果发生重合,j减一,重新循环一次 j--; //重新生成随机数 r=rand()%3872; } } if(index!=-1){ food[index]=aps[r]; }else{ food[foodindex]=aps[r]; foodindex++; } } //游戏开始 void gamebegin(){ //1 绘制游戏界面 //1.1 设置游戏框 setfillcolor(RGB(0,128,0)); setlinestyle(PS_SOLID, 10); fillrectangle(100,50,900,550); //绘制分数 drawscore(gamescore); //绘制等级 drawlevel(gamelevel); //初始化所有点的坐标 for(int i=110;i<=890;i+=10){ for(int j=60;j<=540;j+=10){ aps[apsindex].x=i; aps[apsindex].y=j; apsindex++; printf("%d,%d ",i,j); } } //初始化小蛇身体数组 for(i=0;i<snakelength;i++){ snake[i].x=snakehead.x-10*i; snake[i].y=snakehead.y; snakeindex++; } //初始化食物的数组 //初始化随机数种子 srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); //绘制小蛇 drawsnake(); //绘制食物 //随机5个食物 for(i=0;i<10;i++){ genfood(); } //画出食物 for(i=0;i<foodindex;i++){ drawfood(food[i]); } //drawfood(); } //方向函数 void toward(struct Point temp){ //判断是否撞墙 if(temp.x<110||temp.x>890||temp.y<60||temp.y>540){ gamestop=1; stoptype=1; } //判断是否蛇头碰到身子 for(int i=0;i<snakeindex;i++){ if(temp.x==snake[i].x&&temp.y==snake[i].y){ gamestop=1; stoptype=2; } } //定义蛇是否迟到食物变量iseat bool iseat=0; //判断是否吃到食物 for(i=0;i<foodindex;i++){ if(food[i].x==temp.x&&food[i].y==temp.y){ iseat=1; //计算游戏分数 gamescore=gamescore+(snakeindex-snakelength+1)*2; if(gamescore>400){ gamelevel=6; }else if(gamescore>300){ gamelevel=5; }else if(gamescore>200){ gamelevel=4; }else if(gamescore>100){ gamelevel=3; }else if(gamescore>10){ gamelevel=2; } genfood(i); drawfood(food[i]); } } Sleep(10); if(iseat){ for(int i=snakeindex;i>0;i--){ snake[i]=snake[i-1]; } snakeindex++; snake[0]=temp; }else{ earsesnaketail(); for(int i=snakeindex;i>0;i--){ snake[i]=snake[i-1]; } snake[0]=temp; } drawsnake(); } //向上 void towardsUp(){ struct Point newhead={snake[0].x,snake[0].y-10}; toward(newhead); } //向下 void towardsDown(){ struct Point newhead={snake[0].x,snake[0].y+10}; toward(newhead); } //向左 void towardsLeft(){ struct Point newhead={snake[0].x-10,snake[0].y}; toward(newhead); } //向右 void towardsRight(){ struct Point newhead={snake[0].x+10,snake[0].y}; toward(newhead); } void gameplay(){ //判断方向键,绘制蛇头的方块的方向,同时在蛇尾去掉方块 //判断方块是否和墙面接触,如果是则游戏结束,否则,继续往最后一次按键方向绘制方块 int dr=0; while(gamestop!=1){ //判断方向键是否为上 if(KEYDOWN(VK_UP)&&dr!=2){ dr=1; } //判断方向键是否为下 if(KEYDOWN(VK_DOWN)&&dr!=1){ dr=2; } //判断方向键是否为左 if(KEYDOWN(VK_LEFT)&&dr!=4){ dr=3; } //判断方向键是否为右 if(KEYDOWN(VK_RIGHT)&&dr!=3){ dr=4; } switch(dr){ case 1: towardsUp(); break; case 2: towardsDown(); break; case 3: towardsLeft(); break; case 4: towardsRight(); break; } //绘制分数 drawscore(gamescore); //绘制等级 drawlevel(gamelevel); switch(gamelevel){ case 1: Sleep(80); break; case 2: Sleep(70); break; case 3: Sleep(60); break; case 4: Sleep(50); break; case 5: Sleep(40); break; case 6: Sleep(20); break; } } } void gameend(){ //绘制结束框 setfillcolor(RGB(255,0,0)); setlinestyle(PS_SOLID, 10); fillrectangle(300,200,700,300); char s[200]; if(stoptype==1){ sprintf(s,"你撞墙了,游戏结束!"); }else if(stoptype==2){ sprintf(s,"你咬到自己了,游戏结束!"); }else{ sprintf(s,"游戏结束!"); } settextstyle(18, 0, _T("黑体")); settextcolor(RGB(255,255,0)); RECT r = {300,200,700,300}; setbkmode(TRANSPARENT); drawtext(s, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); while(1){ Sleep(10000); }; getch(); closegraph(); } ``` ![](https://files.ynotes.cn/18-10-30/5567999.jpg) `下载链接`[贪吃蛇下载](https://files.ynotes.cn/%E8%B4%AA%E5%90%83%E8%9B%87.exe)
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兜兜    2018-10-18 21:20:29    2018-10-18 21:20:29   

图片解码 base64
### 获取到.jpg文件,windows打开显示已损坏 #### 查看文件的类型 ```bash $ file test.jpg ``` ``` test.jpg: ASCII text, with very long lines, with no line terminators ``` #### 显示文件为ASCII编码,进一步查看文件内容 ```bash $ cat test.jpg ``` ``` /43/DgABpGSUZAAQEBAABgAGAAD/vQA0AHBQUGBQQHBgUGCAcHCAoBGwoJCQoFHwAcARgVGhkYFRgXGx4XISsdFS0XGBIuIiUoKSssKyoQLyM... ``` #### 猜测应该是应用了base64编码,通过base64解码 ```bash $ cat test.jpg|base64 -d >test2.jpg ``` #### 再次查看文件的类型 ```bash $ file test2.jpg ``` ``` test2.jpg: data ``` 文件base64解码之后还不是jpeg格式 #### 查看文件的十六进制编码 ```bash $ cat test2.jpg|xxd |more ``` ```bash 0000000: ff8d ff0e 0001 a464 9464 0010 1010 0006 .......d.d...... 0000010: 0006 0000 ffbd 0034 0070 5050 6050 4070 .......4.pPP`P@p 0000020: 6050 6080 7070 80a0 11b0 a090 90a0 51f0 `P`.pp........Q. 0000030: 01c0 1181 51a1 9181 5181 71b1 e172 12b1 ....Q...Q.q..r.. 0000040: d152 d171 8122 e222 5282 92b2 c2b2 a102 .R.q."."R....... 0000050: f233 f2a2 2372 a2b2 a2ff bd00 3410 7080 .3..#r......4.p. 0000060: 80a0 90a0 41b0 b041 a2c1 81c1 a2a2 a2a2 ....A..A........ 0000070: a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 ................ 0000080: a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 ................ 0000090: a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 a2a2 ff0c ................ 00000a0: 0011 8010 0e20 0830 1022 0020 1110 3011 ..... .0.". ..0. 00000b0: 10ff 4c00 f100 0010 5010 1010 1010 1000 ..L.....P....... 00000c0: 0000 0000 0000 0010 2030 4050 6070 8090 ........ 0@P`p.. 00000d0: a0b0 ff4c 005b 0100 2010 3030 2040 3050 ...L.[.. .00 @0P 00000e0: 5040 4000 0010 d710 2030 0040 1150 2112 P@@..... 0.@.P!. 00000f0: 1314 6031 1516 7022 1741 2318 191a 8032 ..`1..p".A#....2 ``` #### 通过谷歌搜索ff8dff0e字符串显示 ![](https://files.ynotes.cn/ff8dff0e.png) 结果显示文件内容中的每一个字节,高4位和低4位调转了位置 #### 编辑python脚本实现转换 ```bash $ vim conv_jpg.py ``` ```python from __future__ import print_function import struct import ntpath import sys import os import base64 src_file=sys.argv[1] dest_dir=sys.argv[2] src_filename=ntpath.basename(src_file) desc_full_path=os.path.join(dest_dir,src_filename) f=open(src_file,'rb') f2=open(desc_full_path,'wb+') for bit in base64.b64decode(f.read()): #for bit in f.read(): c=ord(bit) c1=(c & 0xf0)>>4 c2=(c & 0x0f)<<4 c_n=c1|c2 b_c=struct.pack('B',c_n) f2.write(b_c) f.close() f2.close() ``` ```bash $ python conv_jpg.py test.jpg test_new.jpg ``` #### 再次查看文件的内容,显示文件格式为JPEG,说明解码成功! ```bash $ file test_new.jpg ``` ``` test_new.jpg: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01 ```
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